Kirkuk, the oil-rich city, once again finds itself at the center of tensions and violence. The recent confrontations and clashes, with the unfortunate death of protestors, serve as a poignant reminder of the deep-seated ethnic and political tensions that persistently afflict Iraq. At the heart of the turmoil lies a contentious dispute regarding the handover of a building that once housed the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) headquarters. This altercation underscores the urgency for a comprehensive and just solution that transcends divisive lines.

Kirkuk, historically emblematic of ethnic diversity and discord, has harbored Kurds, Arabs, Turkmen, and other ethnic minorities for generations. In the years preceding 2014, Kirkuk was administered as a shared territory, a testament to its distinctive multicultural character. However, the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) presented a turning point, with Kurdish Peshmerga forces assuming control and the Kurdish flag adorning government buildings.

The trajectory of Kirkuk's fate was significantly altered in 2017 when the PMF and other Iraqi forces reasserted control over the city, ousting Kurdish forces and leading to a substantial reduction in Kurdish presence in Kirkuk. It is essential to acknowledge the instrumental role played by the Kurdish Peshmerga forces during this critical period. The Peshmerga stepped in to protect and secure Kirkuk, ensuring its stability. Their unwavering commitment underscores the importance of addressing their rights within any resolution to the ongoing conflicts.

The clashes over the disputed building are just one facet of a broader power struggle. While Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia’ al-Sudani has worked towards improving relations since taking office, many Kurds in Kirkuk have endured marginalization and discrimination under the central government control for too long. For the Kurdish population, with deep cultural and historical bonds to Kirkuk, the return of the KDP signifies an endeavor to regain their rightful place.

On the opposing side of the spectrum, Arab and Turkmen demonstrators argue that the KDP's return jeopardizes the province's security. While these concerns may warrant attention, it is crucial to distinguish between legitimate security apprehensions and attempts to infringe upon the Kurds' rights in Kirkuk. 

The protests serve as a concerning indication of persistent attempts to erode the rights and stability of the Kurdish people, as well as the broader Kurdistan Region while the international community shoulders an imperative role in mediating the Kirkuk dilemma. The United Nations, alongside regional stakeholders, must spearhead efforts to promote dialogue and facilitate negotiations amongst all stakeholders. A resolution that guarantees the peaceful coexistence of Kirkuk's diverse ethnic and religious communities is imperative. The upcoming provincial council elections, scheduled for December 18, assume a pivotal role. These elections hold the potential to provide a platform for addressing Kirkuk's future, potentially redressing the balance of power among its diverse populace.

Kirkuk, historically steeped in Kurdish heritage, should remind us that the KDP's return goes beyond mere political strategy. It stands as a symbol of commitment to the rights and aspirations of Kirkuk's Kurdish population. 

Furthermore, an inclusive approach, which respects the rights of all ethnic and religious groups, is indispensable for Kirkuk's and Iraq's long-term stability. The realization of Kurdish self-determination and representation within Kirkuk can serve as an inspiring model for fostering pluralism and peaceful coexistence throughout the region.

In summation, the clashes in Kirkuk are a stark indictment of the unresolved issues that continue to fester within Iraq's borders. It is high time for all stakeholders to prioritize dialogue, reconciliation, and the protection of human rights. A just and inclusive resolution in Kirkuk will not only usher in tranquility to this beleaguered city but will also catalyze broader efforts to construct a stable and democratic region.

Rejna Alaaldin is an international lawyer whose expertise has contributed towards legal advocacy and reform, crisis management, as well as the advancement of women’s rights and transitional justice.